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Burgers' equation : ウィキペディア英語版
Burgers' equation
Burgers' equation is a fundamental partial differential equation occurring in various areas of applied mathematics, such as fluid mechanics,〔It relates to the Navier-Stokes momentum equation with the pressure term removed
: here the variable is the flow speed y=u〕 nonlinear acoustics,〔It arises from Westervelt equation with an assumption of strictly forward propagating waves and the use of a coordinate transformation to a retarded time frame: here the variable is the pressuregas dynamics, traffic flow. It is named for Johannes Martinus Burgers (1895–1981).
For a given field y(x,t) and diffusion coefficient (or ''viscosity'', as in the original fluid mechanical context) d, the general form of Burgers' equation (also known as viscous Burgers' equation) in one space dimension is the dissipative system:
:\frac + y \frac = d \frac.
Added space-time noise \eta(x,t) forms a stochastic Burgers' equation〔W. Wang and A. J. Roberts. Diffusion approximation for self-similarity of stochastic advection in Burgers’ equation. ''Communications in Mathematical Physics'', July 2014.〕
:\frac + y \frac = d \frac-\lambda\frac
This stochastic PDE is equivalent to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation in a field h(x,t) upon substituting y(x,t)=-\lambda\partial h/\partial x.
But whereas Burgers' equation only applies in one spatial dimension, the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation generalises to multiple dimensions.
When the diffusion term is absent (i.e. d=0), Burgers' equation becomes the inviscid Burgers' equation:
:\frac + y \frac = 0,
which is a prototype for conservation equations that can develop discontinuities (shock waves). The previous equation is the 'advection form' of the Burgers' equation. The 'conservation form' is
:\frac + \frac\frac\big(y^2\big) = 0.
== Solution ==


抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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